Below are the research articles referenced throughout our sites. Check back frequently for additional articles.
- Antonio et al., Effects of Racial Diversity on Complex Thinking in College Students.
- Campbell et al., Gender-Heterogeneous Working Groups Produce Higher Quality Science.
- Cheryan S, Ziegler SA, Montoya AK, Jiang L. Why Are Some STEM Fields More Gender Balanced Than Others? Psychol Bull 2016;143: 1-35.
- Clauset et al., Systematic Inequality and Hierarchy in Faculty Hiring Networks.
- Dezsö & Ross, Does Female Representation in Top Management Improve Firm Performance? A Panel Data Investigation.
- Espey, M. (2018). Diversity, effort, and cooperation in team-based learning. Journal of Economic Education, 49(1), 8-21. doi:10.1080/00220485.2017.1397571
- Freeman et al., Collaborating with People Like Me: Ethnic Coauthorship within the United States.
- Gruenfeld et al., Group Composition and Decision Making: How Member Familiarity and Information Distribution Affect Process and Performance.
- Hong & Page, Groups of Diverse Problem Solvers Can Outperform Groups of High-ability Problem Solvers.
- Levine et al., Ethnic Diversity Deflates Price Bubbles.
- Maddux et al., When in Rome... Learn Why the Romans do What They Do: How Multicultural Learning Experiences Facilitate Creativity.
- Mohr T. Why Women Don’t Apply for Jobs Unless They’re 100% Qualified. Harvard Business Review August 25, 2014.
- Mortensen et al., Using the Wisdom of the Crowds to Find Critical Errors in Biomedical Ontologies: A Study of SNOMED CT.
- Moss-Racusin et al., Science Faculty's Subtle Gender Biases Favor Male Students.
- National Center for Women and Information Technology, What is the Impact of Gender Diversity on Technology Business Performance?
- Pier E. L., Raclaw J., Kaatz A., Brauer M., Carnes, M., Nathan M. J., Ford, C. E. (2017). ‘Your comments are meaner than your score’: score calibration talk influences intra- and inter-panel variability during scientific grant peer review. Research Evaluation, Jan;26(1):1-14. doi: 10.1093/reseval/rvw025. Epub 2017 Feb 14.
- Roberson Q, Ryan AM, Ragins BR. The evolution and future of diversity at work. J Appl Psychol. 2017 Mar;102(3):483-499.
- Rohner & Dougan, Gender Diversity and Corporate Performance.
- Sommers, On Racial Diversity and Group Decision Making: Identifying Multiple Effects of Racial Composition on Jury Deliberations.
- Tversky & Kahneman, Judgments Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.
- Valantine & Collins, National Institutes of Health Addresses the Science of Diversity.
- Wilder, Biomedical Research: Strength from Diversity.
- Andrews, The Other Physician-Scientist Problem: Where Have all the Young Girls Gone?
- Byars-Winston, A., B. G., Topp, S., and Carnes, M. Integrating Theory and Practice to Increase Scientific Workforce Diversity: A Framework for Career Development in Graduate Research Training. CBE Life Sciences Education. 2011.
- Carnes, M., Devine, P. G., Manwell, L. B., Byars-Winston, A., Fine, E., Ford, C. E., ... & Palta, M. (2015). The effect of an intervention to break the gender bias habit for faculty at one institution: a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Academic Medicine, 90(2), 221-230.
- Dennery, Training and Retaining of Underrepresented Minority Physician Scientists – An African-American Perspective: NICHD AAP Workshop on Research in Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine.
- Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Austin, A. J., and Cox, W. T. Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention. J Exp Soc Psychol, 48(6), 1267-1278. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.06.003. 2012.
- Fleming et al., The Mentoring Competency Assessment: Validation of a New Instrument to Evaluate Skills of Research Mentors.
- Frank, D.L., Rinehart, J., Kenney, K. (2016). Supporting faculty mentoring through the use of creative technologies: There’s an app for that. Journal of Mentoring.
- Fuhrmann et al., Improving Graduate Education to Support a Branching Career Pipeline: Recommendations Based on a Survey of Doctoral Students in the Basic Biomedical Sciences.
- Ginther et al., Are Race, Ethnicity, and Medical School Affiliation Associated with NIH R01 Type 1 Award Probability for Physician Investigators?
- Ginther et al., Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and National Institutes of Health R01 Research Awards: Is There Evidence of a Double Bind for Women of Color?
- Ginther et al., Race, Ethnicity, and NIH Research Awards.
- Girod S, Fassiotto M, Grewal D, Ku MC, Sriram N, Nosek BA, Valantine H. (2016). Reducing Implicit Gender Leadership Bias in Academic Medicine With an Educational Intervention. Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges. Acad Med 2016;91:1143-50.
- Hall, Educational Outcomes from the Maximizing Access to Research Careers Undergraduate Student Training in Academic Research (MARC U-STAR) Program
- Heggeness, et al., Measuring Diversity of the National Institutes of Health-Funded Workforce.
- Heggeness, M. L., Ginther, D. K., Larenas, M. I., and Carter-Johnson, F.D. The Impact of Postdoctoral Fellowships on a Future Independent Career in Federally Funded Biomedical Research. (DOI): NBER Working Paper No. 24508. 10.3386/w24508. 2018.
- Hernandez et al., Sustaining Optimal Motivation: A Longitudinal Analysis of Interventions to Broaden Participation of Underrepresented Students in STEM.
- Karpa et al., Medical Student Service Learning Program Teaches Secondary Students about Career Opportunities in Health and Medical Fields.
- Lewis et al., A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mentoring Interventions for Underrepresented Minorities.
- McLean et al., Twelve Tips for Teachers to Encourage Student Engagement in Academic Medicine
- Nikaj S, Roychowdhury D, Lund PK, Matthews M, Pearson K. Examining trends in the diversity of the U.S. National Institutes of Health participating and funded workforce. FASEB J. 2018 Jun 19:fj201800639.
- Pfund et al., Training Mentors of Clinical and Translational Research Scholars: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Pier, E. L., Brauer, M., Filut, A., Kaatz, A., Raclaw, J., Nathan, M. J., Ford, C. E., and Carnes, M. Low agreement among reviewers evaluating the same NIH grant applications. PNAS March 20, 2018. 115 (12) 2952-2957.
- Rubio et al., A Comprehensive Career-Success Model for Physician–Scientists
- Sauermann & Roach, Science PhD Career Preferences: Levels, Changes, and Advisor Encouragement.
- Thakore et al., The Academy for Future Science Faculty: Randomized Controlled Trial of Theory-driven Coaching to Shape Development and Diversity of Early-career Scientists
- Valcarcel et al., Training and Retaining of Underrepresented Minority Physician Scientists – a Hispanic Perspective: NICHD-AAP Workshop on Research in Neonatology
- Westring et al., A Culture Conducive to Women's Academic Success: Development of a Measure
- Woodcock A, Hernandez PR, Schultz PW. Diversifying Science: Intervention Programs Moderate the Effect of Stereotype Threat on Motivation and Career Choice. Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2016;7:184-92.
- Yosso, Whose Culture has Capital? A Critical Race Theory Discussion of Community Cultural Wealth.
- Carnes et al., The Effect of an Intervention to Break the Gender Bias Habit for Faculty at One Institution: A Cluster Randomized, Controlled Trial.
- Choo EK, van Dis J, Kass D. Time's Up for Medicine? Only Time Will Tell.
N Engl J Med. 2018 Sep 12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1809351. - Dzau VJ, Johnson PA. Ending Sexual Harassment in Academic Medicine.
N Engl J Med. 2018 Sep 12. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1809846. - Dzirasa et al., Incubating the Research Independence of a Medical Scientist Training Program Graduate: A Case Study.
- Gibbs et al., Career Development among American Biomedical Postdocs
- Gibbs et al., Biomedical Science Ph.D. Career Interest Patterns by Race/Ethnicity and Gender
- Gibbs KD, Basson J, Xierali IM, Broniatowski DA. Decoupling of the minority PhD talent pool and assistant professor hiring in medical school basic science departments in the US. Elife. 2016 Nov 17;5. pii: e21393.
- Gibbs & Griffin, What do I Want to be With My PhD? The Roles of Personal Values and Structural Dynamics in Shaping the Career Interests of Recent Biomedical Science PhD Graduates.
- Guerrero, L. R., Ho, J., Christie, C., Harwood, E., Pfund, C., Seeman, T., . . . Wallace, S. P. The Diversity Program Consortium: Innovating Educational Practice and Evaluation Along the Biomedical Research Pathways. Using collaborative approaches with a multi-method, multi-site, multi-target intervention: evaluating the National Research Mentoring Network. BMC Proceedings, 11(12), 14. 2017.
- Horwitz & Horwitz. The Effects of Team Diversity on Team Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review of Team Demography
- Joshi, By Whom and When is Women's Expertise Recognized? The Interactive Effects of Gender and Education in Science and Engineering Teams.
- Magua W., Zhu X., Bhattacharya A., Filut A., Potvien A., Leatherberry R., Lee Y. G., Jens M., Malikireddy D., Carnes M., Kaatz A. Are Female Applicants Disadvantaged in National Institutes of Health Peer Review? Combining Algorithmic Text Mining and Qualitative Methods to Detect Evaluative Differences in R01 Reviewers' Critiques. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017 May;26(5):560-570. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6021. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
- Mathur A, Cano A, Kohl M, Muthunayake NS, et al. Visualization of gender, race, citizenship and academic performance in association with career outcomes of 15-year biomedical doctoral alumni at a public research university. PLoS One. 2018 May 17;13(5):e0197473.
- Mathur A, Chow CS, Feig AL, Kenaga H, et al. Exposure to multiple career pathways by biomedical doctoral students at a public research university. PLoS One. 2018 Jun 22;13(6):e0199720.
- O’Brien KR, Scheffer M, van Nes EH, van der Lee R. How to Break the Cycle of Low Workforce Diversity: A Model for Change. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0133208.
- Xu H, Gilliam RST, Peddada SD, Buchold GM, Collins TRL. Visualizing detailed postdoctoral employment trends using a new career outcome taxonomy. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Feb;36(2):197-202.
- Banchefsky et al., But You Don’t Look Like a Scientist!: Women Scientists with Feminine Appearance are Deemed Less Likely to be Scientists.
- Beasley MA, Fischer MJ. Why they leave: The impact of stereotype threat on the attrition of women and minorities from science, math and engineering majors. Social Psychology of Education. 2012;15(4):427-448.
- Bian L, Leslie SJ, Cimpian A. Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children's interests. Science. 2017 Jan 27;355(6323):389-391.
- Blair IV, Ma JE, Lenton AP. Imagining stereotypes away: the moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery. Journal of personality and social psychology 2001;81:828.
- Brown-Iannuzzi JL, Payne BK, Trawler S. Narrow imaginations: How imagining ideal employees can increase racial bias. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2012;16:661-670.
- Carnes et al., The Effect of an Intervention to Break the Gender Bias Habit for Faculty at One Institution: A Cluster Randomized, Controlled Trial.
- Clauset A, Arbesman S, Larremore DB. Systematic inequality and hierarchy in faculty hiring networks. Sci Adv. 2015;1:e1400005.
- Cheryan S, Plaut VC, Davies PG, Steele CM. Ambient belonging: How stereotypical cues impact gender participation in computer science. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;97(6):1045-1060.
- Cohen GL, Garcia J. Identity, Belonging, and Achievement: A Model, Interventions, and Implications. Current Dir Psych Science 2008; 17:365-9.
- Constantine & Sue, Perceptions of Racial Microaggressions Among Black Supervisees in Cross-Racial Dyads.
- Crowley, S., Fuller, D., Law, W., McKeon, D., Ramirez, J. J., Trujillo, K. A., and Widerman, E. Improving the climate in research and scientific training environments for members of underrepresented minorities. Neuroscientist, 10(1), 26-30. doi:10.1177/1073858403260304. 2004.
- Dennehy TC, Ben‐Zeev A, Tanigawa N. ‘Be prepared’: An implemental mindset for alleviating social‐identity threat. British Journal of Social Psychology. 2014;53(3):585- 594.
- Fassiotto et al., Women in Academic Medicine: Measuring Stereotype Threat Among Junior Faculty
- Files JA, Mayer AP, Ko MG, Friedrich P, Jenkins M, Bryan MJ, Vegunta S, Wittich CM, Lyle MA, Melikian R, Duston T, Chang YH, Hayes SN. Speaker Introductions at Internal Medicine Grand Rounds: Forms of Address Reveal Gender Bias. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2017 Feb 16.
- Galinsky AD, Moskowitz GB. Perspective-taking: decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of personality and social psychology 2000;78:708.
- Gardikiotis, A. Minority Influence. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 5/9 (2011): 679–693.
- Gaucher D, Friesen J, Kay AC. Evidence that gendered wording in job advertisements exists and sustains gender inequality. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011;101:109-28.
- Girod et al., Reducing Implicit Gender Leadership Bias in Academic Medicine with an Educational Intervention.
- Gocłowska MA, Crisp RJ. On counter-stereotypes and creative cognition: When interventions for reducing prejudice can boost divergent thinking. Thinking skills and creativity 2013;8:72-9.
- Goldin & Rouse, Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of ‘Blind’ Auditions on Female Musicians
- Green AR, Carney DR, Pallin DJ, Ngo LH, Raymond KL, Iezzoni LI, Banaji MR. Implicit bias among physicians and its prediction of thrombolysis decisions for black and white patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Sep;22(9):1231-8.
- Jacobi & Schweers. Justice, Interrupted: The Effect of Gender, Ideology and Seniority at Supreme Court Oral Arguments. Virginia Law Review, Forthcoming. Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 17-03
- Jagsi, R., MD, DPhil; Griffith, K. A., MS; Jones, R., MS; et al. Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Experiences of Academic Medical Faculty. JAMA. 016;315(19):2120-2121. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2188. 2016.
- Levine et al., Ethnic Diversity Deflates Price Bubbles.
- Macrae & Bodenhausen, Social Cognition: Categorical Person Perception.
- Miller, D. I., Nolla, K. M., Eagly, A. H., and Uttal, D. H. The Development of Children's Gender‐Science Stereotypes: A Meta‐analysis of 5 Decades of U.S. Draw‐A‐Scientist Studies. Child Development. doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13039. 20 March 2018.
- Moss-Racusin CA, Dovidio JF, Brescoll VL, Graham MJ, Handelsman J. Science faculty's subtle gender biases favor male students. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16474-9.
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine. Committee on Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine Policy and Global Affairs, Sexual Harassment of Women Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018.
- Pier EL, Brauer M, Filut A, Kaatz A, et al. Low agreement among reviewers evaluating the same NIH grant applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Mar 20;115(12):2952-2957.
- Rupa, B., Reitz, J.G., Oreopoulos, P. Do large employers treat racial minorities more fairly? a new analysis of Canadian field experiment data. 2017
- Shapiro JR. Different groups, different threats: 306 A multi-threat approach to the experience of stereotype threats. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2011;37(4):464-480.
- Shnabel N, Purdie-Vaughns V, Cook JE, Garcia J, Cohen GL. Demystifying values affirmation interventions writing about social belonging is a key to buffering against identity threat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2013;39(5):663-676.
- Sommers, On Racial Diversity and Group Decision-making: Identifying Multiple Effects of Racial Composition on Jury Deliberations.
- Steele & Aronson, Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans.
- Steele, A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance.
- Stewart BD, Payne BK. Bringing automatic stereotyping under control: implementation intentions as efficient means of thought control. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008;34:1332-45.
- Trix & Psenka, Exploring the Color of Glass: Letters of Recommendation for Female and Male Medical Faculty. Discourse & Society 2003, 14:191-220.
- Walton & Cohen, A Brief Social-Belonging Intervention Improves Academic and Health Outcomes of Minority Students.
- Wong et al., The What, the Why, and the How: A Review of Racial Microaggressions Research in Psychology.
